MS TUTE2

BSc (Hones) in Information Technology Specialized in Interactive Media

Batch 2016

Multimedia Systems

Tute 2

R.A.P.C.P RANASINGHE

IT14115394

    1.     Describe what characteristics a block of text might have.

Characteristics of the text describe qualitatively the style of the text. This is partly a subjective dimension, but can also be more objectively described with diligent analysis of the original text. It is also a relative dimension, since it can only be measured against other texts. original text can be characterized as being:

1.       repetitive

2.       idiomatic

3.       terminology-rich

4.       terminology-poor

Repetitiveness means that the text contains more repetitions of individual terms or words, phrases, sentences, and even full paragraphs than usual.

Idiomatic is in many respects the opposite of repetitive. Basically idiomaticity means the use of the expressive possibilities of the language to the fullest in the text. It may imply a large variance of words or the use of rare words and colorful idioms.

Terminology-rich means that the text contains more specific terminology than usual. Specific terminology is understood here as words and phrases being used only within a specific field or having meanings deviant from general vocabulary.

Terminology-poor is not exactly the opposite of terminology-rich. It can be understood to mean that the text simply uses only general vocabulary and thus should be understood by anyone with good general knowledge of the language.

    2.    Describe what characteristics a typeface might have.

Because traditional typefaces were difficult to read on computer monitors, special typefaces such as Microsoft’s Verdana were designed specifically for the computer. The new font was stripped of all features that were redundant in other typefaces when viewed on the Web.

The balance between straight, curve and diagonal has been meticulously tuned to ensure that the pixel patterns at small sizes are pleasing, clear and legible.

The reason why some viewers are unable to see fonts the way website creators Intended is due to the fact that file formats don’t actually save fonts in the file itself. If a font is to be displayed properly it must be installed to the user’s system font directory. If the font isn’t installed, the browser will select a default typeface to display the text. Times and Courier are pre-installed with just about every browser. The Mac and Windows computers however ship with a different set of fonts.

The ASCII code set on which HTML was created includes only the 26 letters of the Roman alphabet and the most basic of punctuation.

In the early days of the Web, when typefaces other than Times and Courier were uncommon, web designers had to find a way to overcome the problem so they could incorporate their elaborately styled fonts on to their web pages. Therefore, they found that if they created the font using an image-editing package such as Adobe Photoshop and saved their type as a graphic they could display the desired font using HTML

    3.    Discuss the problems encountered using text across computer platforms and in different

languages

cross-platform and cross-application delivery has not been achieved for all of the characters that these texts include. An ideal solution to the problems in character representation would be cross-platform, flexible, and durable. Many in the computing, publishing, and library worlds have suggested that the Unicode standard is the wave of the future.

    4.      Discuss the differences among multimedia, interactive multimedia, hypertext, and hypermedia.

Multimedia is the combination of text, sound, animation, video that delivered to people by computer or others electronic or digitally manipulated means. Therefore, when we put together element of multimedia that are pictures and animation, engaging sounds, compelling video and some textual information, it can help you to read the thought and mind of people. In addition, multimedia is easy to use and integrated and interactive but of course it is expensive and requires special hardware.

Interactive multimedia is related to the concepts interaction design, new media, interactivity, human computer interaction, and includes specific cases such as interactive advertising, social media, virtual reality, and so on.

Hypertext is text which is not constrained to be linear and contains links to other text. Therefore, you can move from one subject to another even thought they might have different forms. Hypertext usually related to web pages.

Hypermedia is a term derived from hypertext, extends the notion of the hypertext link to include links among any set of multimedia objects such as sound, motion video and virtual reality. It also can connote a higher level of user interactivity than the interactivity already implicit in hypertext.

    5.    Your boss wants you to create a hypermedia system for Web visitors to find technical support information about your company. What are some of the implications in creating this system? Should you hand-build the links or use an automatic indexing system? Why?

Hypermedia is the use of text, data, graphics, audio and video as elements of an extended hypertext system in which all elements are linked, where the content is accessible via hyperlinks. This could help the user to understand more about the company because it allows to gather information in non-linear way which means that the users would have a choice as to what path the users want to takes in order to gather information.

MS LABSHEET 04

BSc (Hones) in Information Technology Specialized in Interactive Media

Batch 2016

Multimedia Systems

LABSHEET 04

R.A.P.C.P Ranasinghe

IT14115394

MS TUTE1

BSc (Hones) in Information Technology Specialized in Interactive Media

Batch 2016

Multimedia Systems

Tute 1

R.A.P.C.P Ranasinghe

IT14115394

    1)      Briefly discuss the history and future of multimedia. How might multimedia be used to improve the lives of its users?

Multimedia based on sounds, videos, Animation and text to do this kind of activities. Now a day every house has at least single multimedia device and at least one device from them required internet to fulfill the desired task. These devices will include higher bandwidth access.

Multimedia helps to improve the lives of its users. We just need our mobile device with internet.it has lot of benefits like E-Learning, Traveling use of multimedia.

   2)   How might it influence users in negative ways?

Now a day many people use multimedia technology in the wrong way. As we use social networks how many photos, videos we can see in order to create fake works. It is not like human works.

   3)    You are a marketing director for a small telecommunications company. You are considering

using multimedia to market your company’s product. Put together an outline detailing the benefits and drawbacks of using a CD-ROM presentation, a multimedia website, or a television advertisement.

Product information can be often being better represented using audio/ video/ animation rather than using text, images and graphics alone. Company products can have widespread market that allow attract more customers from all around the world using website advertisement cheaper than other commercial advertisements

    4) Multimedia is shifting from being localized (contained on a CD-ROM) to being distributed

(available on the World Wide Web).

a. What are some of the implications of this?

b. Who will have access to the presentation?

c. How will you keep it secure? How will you distribute it?

In fact, there are several ways in order to use the world wide web (www) in purpose of distributing the all the information and data among the people. Actually, usage of CD-ROM is a localized media which is available for a person who carry the media. By usage of world wide web many people can access to the data simantenosly. nowadays, web developers are using web 2.0 technology which allow the communication among the people and its more secure. also there are some organization which can secure the websites. The website can be carry all the necessary information such as video clips, data and etc. it can be distributed and introduce to the people by usage of advertisement and etc.

MS TUTE 05

BSc (Hones) in Information Technology Specialized in Interactive Media

Batch 2016

Multimedia Systems

Tute 5

R.A.P.C.P  RANASINGHE

IT14115394

1.                 List the steps involved in capturing video, compressing the video, and preparing it for DVD. Briefly discuss the decisions you need to make with each step regarding compromises on image quality and other limiting factors.

First of all to capture video, need a Camera. There are few things to consider before capturing a video.

·         Quality

·         Playback Time

·         Video Resolution

You need to consider about the recording time and playback time according to the audience. And the quality depends on the purpose of your video. Mobile device it’s not required more quality, but it also depend on audience. If video resolution is poor no one will watch these days. However both this Quality & Video Resolution depends on the media that is going to share. If it is share through web, video must be medium quality and the file size should be low. This is compulsory.

We can’t prepare DVD with the rough video footage. It should be edited and compress to run in all devices. To do that now required software. When you have edited it in software like Premier Pro you must export and use settings that will give you a good resolution and a small file size.

2.                 Discuss how the computer monitor image differs from a television image. List the limitations in creating images on the computer destined for a television screen.

Both Television and Monitor looks like same, physically both work as same. But these two works differently in inside. Generally Television are used to watch Over the Air Broadcast. But Monitors not. Monitors designed specially to works with Computer. But someone will tell “there’s no different between television and Monitor”

When we watch a video in a TV & Monitor within same size as resolution. Oft-time TV will get the place, but it’s not. TVs are designed to get the attraction with another model. Manufactures cheating in human illusion. They done different things to get vivid colors in a TV. But in a Monitor this isn’t done that much. That’s why Monitor have more settings than TV. We can collaborate our monitor. Most HDTVs are 16:9 ratio but most Wide Monitors are 16:10. These is because monitor is used to work near, but TVs are watched from far away at least 5m. Most important thing is computer graphic card will not always compatible with the TV, but Monitor can as I mentioned before Monitors designed to computers. When TV is used to work as monitor we can see each and every pixel but monitor we can’t see in our naked eye.

Limitations

·         Color Palates

·         Pixel size are defer (1x Monitor / 1.06x TV)

·         Resolution

3.                 Discuss several considerations in shooting and editing video for multimedia. What techniques would you use to produce the best possible video, at a reasonable cost? Which of these techniques apply to all video, and which apply specifically to multimedia?

Before start shooting a video, need to come up with a storyboard and script. You should come up with a camera that is technically changeable settings. To editing purpose you need a computer with higher performance to run the application smoothly.

            To produce a best video these techniques should follow.

·         Concept/purpose of video

·         Script

·         Lighting

·         sound

·         Composition

·         postproduction

·         Basic Video rules (180^o plane)

·         Storyboard

4.                 Define codec and list an example of a codec.

Codec stands for Compressor and Decompress. Codecs can be implemented in software, hardware or combination of both. Codec is a technology for compressing and decompressing data. Codecs main benefit is reduce file size and decompress when it need.

MUSIC CODECS                           MOVIE/VIDEO CODECS

 MP3                                      MPEG-1        H.264

 AAC                                      MPEG-2        H.265 (HEVC)

MPEG-4

                                               

5.                 What is “Chroma Keys”? Explain the importance and the different techniques.

Chroma Key or Green Screen is a techniques for layering two video/Image together and create a production. This has been used in remove a background from the video and add separate background to the video. Most of the Hollywood Movies use this techniques to add special effects and compose their production.

Green Screen & Blue Screen

Both of this is used to create special effects and remove background or elements of the video. The most important factor for a key is the color separation of the background and foreground.

When using Blue screen their few drawbacks.

1)     Jeans are blue and the screen also blue, it’s hard to separate both these same color areas.

2)     The camera not more sensitive to blue color and as a result of this cannot separate background and foreground easily.

Benefits of using Green Screen

1)     Image sensors are more sensitive to green, there for green channel contains least noise

2)     Less light is needed to illuminate green.

Major Factors

1)     Lighting

2)     Programing

3)     clothing

4)     Exposure

5)     background

MS TUTE4

BSc (Hones) in Information Technology Specialized in Interactive Media

Batch 2016

Multimedia Systems

Tute 4

R.A.P.C.P RANASINGHE

IT14115394

Discuss the implications of using audio in a production, focusing on the purpose of the audio, how to manage audio files, and copyright issues.

Audio is the most entertainment path of the life. Music can touch human’s heart easily. Sound can get the attention rapidly, there for music clip embedded with a presentation it can get the attention and can remember very well. Copyright protection can exist for all works created in any medium.

1.     List the four main sampling rates and the two sampling depths. Briefly describe what each is most useful for. How does mono versus stereo come into the equation?

Main Sampling Rates

32,000 Hz       -           Standard Broadcast Rate

44,100 Hz       -           CD Quality

48,000 Hz       -           Standard DVD

96,000 Hz       -           Blu-Ray DVD Quality

Sampling Depths

16 bit   -           CD/DVD Audio/Pro Tools & LogicPro software.

24 bit   -           Blu-Ray Disc//Pro Tools & LogicPro software.

Stereo   -          Stereo has two independent channels. One for left and other one for Right. Both these signal are similar but not exactly the same.

Mono    -         Mono has only one channel. There for using Mono, listener can’t get the feeling sense of depth as Stereo.

The Equation of the Mono and Stereo

Mono Sampling rate * duration of recording in seconds * (bit resolution / 8) * 1 Stereo Sampling rate * duration of recording in seconds * (bit resolution / 8) * 2 No of channels

2.     You have been assigned to design and produce the audio portions of a multimedia project. The program will be delivered on a CD-ROM, and video clips will take up most of the CD. You have only 50MB of storage space to store 20, one-minute clips of speech, 10 songs averaging three minutes long, and a background sound loop. What sampling rates and depths should you use for the speech, for the music, and for the background sound? Why? Roughly calculate the file size totals for these specifications, and be sure that you end up with less than the 50MB of storage space allotted. Discuss your reasoning.

20 minute Speech

60 seconds * 96 kbps = 5760 kb

5760/8 = 720 kB

20 * 0.72 = 14.4 MB

Average 3 Minute Music tracks

180 seconds * 128kbps = 23,040 kb

23,040/8 = 2880 kB

10 * 2.88 = 28.8 MB

Background Sound

180 seconds * 128kps = 23,040 kb

23,040/8 = 2880 kB

Total space required: 14.4 + 28.8 + 2.8 = 46 MB

For 20 one-minute speech, I choose to use 96 kbps bit rate. It’s good if I choose 128 kbps bit rate same as others. But when I used 128 kbps bitrate to the speeches it will exceed the 50 MB file size (50.8 Mb). I used 128kbps bit rate for the songs and 128kbps bit rate for background sound because Music feels us than speeches. We can spot the distortion of the music easily than speech.

3.     Describe what MIDI is, what its benefits are, and how it is best used in a multimedia project.

MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. MIDI allows electronic instruments and other digital musical tools to create a bridge and make excellent music. A MIDI instrument is developed using part of the Software and part of the Hardware. We can use compose music..

Benefits of MIDI

1.      Minimum file size -                       An entire Music can be stored within a few bytes.

2.      Easy to modify      -                      Change pitch, duration, and other parameters without                                                      having to rerecord.

3.      Quality                 -                        Can get Better Quality Sounds

4.     List the steps you would go through to record, edit, and process a set of sound files for inclusion on a web site. How would you digitally process the files to ensure they are consistent, have minimum file size, and sound their best?

                                                              

·         Quality of the music

·         Be simple

·         Allow the user to customize settings whenever possible

·         The file size

Labsheet 03 Ms

BSc (Hones) in Information Technology Specialized in Interactive Media

Batch 2016

Multimedia Systems

Lab sheet 3

R.A.P.C.P RANASINGHE

IT 14115394

1)

Select five different web pages, each from a different web site. Select pages that contain lots of colors and images, both photographs and graphics. View the five different pages on both a Macintosh and PC screen, preferably side by side, as well as on more than one computer on the same platform (for example, one Mac, two Windows computers). Note the differences in how each page appears across platforms and across screens. For each page, write a paragraph describing how they differ in terms of color tone, saturation, and any other characteristics that you notice.

•                 In Mac computer images re colorful. But it in Windows computer image is not colorful. Simply Windows Display had an effect like washout. Windows Green color is colorful than Mac every images. Color tone of the Mac is  most Perfect. We can see number of shade colors in Mac but in Windows we can’t is Shades colours.

2)

Using the capture tool built into the operating system or another dedicated tool, capture and save five different screens. Use the tools to save the entire screen, areas of the screen, the front most window, an image with a menu pulled down, and an image with the cursor

GOOGLE CHROME WEBBROWSER

MY COMPUTER O/S

PHOTOSHOP CC 2014

KM PLAYER

3.) Download three different images from a web site. One should be photographic, one should be a graphic (solid colors or gradients), and one should be a mix. a. Convert the images to 256 colors. Use the tools available to use different dithering patterns and palettes. Print out the files before and after reducing to 256 colors. Write the file sizes on each one. Use an image-editing program to compare the effects of applying different palettes and compression methods to the original images. Include sample images with your answer.

Edit photos

Edit photos

Original photo

Edit Photo

Original Mix Photo

After edit

4)

Visit different web sites. Describe the use of colors for each in subjective terms. Is each site vibrant? Childish? Muted? Subtle? Why? What cultural or other factors determined the color selection? Get a screenshot of a page from each site, and write a paragraph describing the colors and images used in each one.

Toyota Lanka

                This site Use ash, black color and brown in most of the time. Photos re changed by in slide show. Font Colors is White, because users can read clearly .Black, ash both color makes professional look.

                                                                                  

IKMAN.LK 

This site is Childish. This site Use blue,white and Green color in most of the time. Very simple site. Font Colors is White there for it can read clearly.  This site is very userfriendly. That site is very beautiful. Then peoples re coming all ways in this site.

5)

Open an image in an image-editing program capable of identifying colors. Select three different pixels in the image. Sample the color and write down its value in RGB, HSB, CMYK, and web (hexadecimal) color.

Point	RGB	HSB	CMYK	Hexa-Decimal
1	R- 151 G- 67 B- 142	H - 306 S - 56 B - 59	C - 46 M - 88 Y - 9 K - 0	#97438e
2	R- 121 G- 3 B- 235	H - 271 S - 99 B - 92	C - 70 M - 82 Y - 0 K - 0	#7903eb
3	R- 151 G- 93 B- 67	H - 18 S -56 B - 59	C -32 M - 65 Y - 75 K - 20	#975d43

6)

Visit the following URLs (or any suitable site) and write an short essay on the usage of “Standard Image Sizes”.

                Every site I looked at had different size images. 240 x 160 pixels was a very common small images. Larger images were  around 460 pixels wide.  If you make your images larger than 460 pixels, most layouts in most blogs or site designs will have some difficulty fitting these sizes into the layout. There be kind of Human elution to catch the images and to reduce the weight of the site they introduce Standard Image Sizes.

1. Very Large 800 pixels
2. Large 500 or 520 pixels
3. Medium 460 pixels
4. Medium-Small 320 pixels
5. Small 240 pixels
6. Thumbnail 100 pixels

Video Image Sizes

Photo Image Sizes                      460 x 308         240 x 160

Thumbnail Image Sizes                            160 x 108

Common Photo Print Image Sizes

35mm has a ratio of 3:2 and most digital formats have a ratio of 4:3 or close.

Common Web Image Sizes    1024 x 768      800 x 600         460 x 309         320 x 240        

240           160       220 x 148         160 x 108         160 x 120

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